subjekat + pomoćni glagol “to be” + particip prošli glavnog glagola
Trpno stanje (pasiv) mogu imati samo prelazni glagoli, tj. takvi koji uza se mogu imati objekat.
Pasiv pokazuje da subjekat ne vrši radnju, već da se radnja vrši na subjektu:
The road has been repaired. (put je popravljen)
Pasivni oblici se tvore tako što se uzme ono vrijeme glagola “to be” koje nam je potrebno i doda se particip prošli glagola kojeg mijenjamo. To znači, da se pasivni prezent tvori od prezenta glagola “to be” i participa prošlog glagola koji mijenjamo.
Aktivnu rečenicu možemo pretvoriti u pasivnu ako se glagol stavi u trpno stanje, subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje objekat pasivne, i ispred njega se stavlja prijedlog “by”:
A: Everybody drinks water. (svi piju vodu)
P: Water is drunk by everybody. (voda se pije od sviju)
|
–
|
subjekat
|
glagol
|
objekat
|
|
aktiv
|
Everybody
|
drinks
|
water
|
|
pasiv
|
Water
|
is drunk
|
by everybody.
|
A: I wrote this letter. (ja sam napisao ovo pismo)
P: This letter was written by me. (pismo je napisano od mene)
Neprelazni glagoli mogu postati prelazni ako im se doda prijedlog.
Trpno stanje se upotrebljava mnogo češće u engleskom jeziku nego u našem, koristi se:
- kada subjekat koji vrši radnju nije poznat:
My car has been stollen. (ukradeno mi je auto)
She was given a nice birthday present. (dobila je lijep poklon za rođendan) - ako se ne želi pomenuti vršilac radnje:
I have been told that you are engaged. (rečeno mi je da ste se vjerili)
She was said to have left her husband. (priča se da je ostavila svog muža) - ako nije potrebno pomenuti vršioca radnje jer to proizilazi iz konteksta (smisla) rečenice ili nije bitno za smisao da mora biti pomenut:
Mistakes are always made. (greške se uvijek prave)
- ako je subjekat pasivne rečenice važniji od vršioca radnje:
The “Tower” was written by Meša Selimović. (Roman “Tvrđava” je napisana od strane Meše Selimovića) (autor nas manje interesuje)
The boy was punished by his father. (dečko je kažnjen od svog oca)
Ahmed was attended by his sister during his illness. (Ahmeda je njegova sestra njegovala za vrijeme bolesti)
Bezlični oblici u našem jeziku kao što su “kaže se”, “razumije se”, “podrazumijeva se” u engleskom jeziku se iskazuju u trećem licu jednine srednjeg roda:
it is understood (razumije se, podrazumijeva se)
that is known (to se zna)
it is said (priča se)
Konjugacija pasiva u većini mogućih vremena:
| infinitiv | to be called | |
| simple | present | it is called |
| past | it was called | |
| future | it will be called | |
| conditional | it would be called | |
| continous | present | it is being called |
| past | it was being called | |
| future | it will be being called | |
| conditional | it would be being called | |
| perfect simple | present | it has been called |
| past | it has been called | |
| future | it will have been called | |
| conditional | it would have been called | |
| perfect continous | present | it has been being called |
| past | it had been being called | |
| future | it will have been being called | |
| conditional | it would have been being called | |
Kvizovi vezani za ovu temu